If you’re looking for the best Bluetooth helmet communicators, I’ve found a range of options that support seamless connection, clear sound, and weather resistance. Many units connect with multiple riders over long distances, and some even support multi-device pairing for calls and music. From waterproof designs to easy installation, these systems enhance safety and convenience on the road. Keep exploring, and you’ll discover detailed features to help you choose the perfect setup for your rides.
Key Takeaways
- Compatibility with various helmet types and devices ensures seamless communication and entertainment during rides.
- Advanced sound features like HD audio, noise cancellation, and customizable effects enhance listening clarity.
- Durable, waterproof designs provide reliable performance in diverse weather conditions.
- Long battery life and quick-charging support extended riding without interruptions.
- User-friendly controls, voice assistance, and installation options improve ease of use and comfort.
Cardo Systems Spirit Motorcycle Bluetooth Headset
If you’re looking for a reliable Bluetooth communicator that works seamlessly with any helmet or brand, the Cardo Systems Spirit Motorcycle Bluetooth Headset is an excellent choice. It offers universal Bluetooth connectivity, pairing easily with smartphones, GPS devices, and other units. The device supports over-the-air updates via the Cardo Connect App, keeping features current. Its crisp 32mm speakers deliver high-quality sound for calls, music, and intercom, while the noise-cancelling microphone ensures clear voice transmission even at highway speeds. Lightweight and durable, it resists weather elements and fits comfortably. With a reliable connection up to 50 feet, the Spirit enhances your riding experience with ease and consistency.
Best For: riders seeking a universal, high-quality Bluetooth communication system compatible with any helmet and brand for seamless audio and intercom experiences.
Pros:
- Universal compatibility with any Bluetooth headset and device, ensuring versatile use across different helmets and brands.
- Excellent audio clarity with high-quality speakers and noise-cancelling microphone, even at highway speeds.
- Long-lasting battery life of 6-8 hours with quick charging, and reliable connection up to 50 feet.
Cons:
- Slightly higher price point compared to basic models, which may be a consideration for budget-conscious users.
- Requires a smartphone or compatible device for firmware updates and app management, adding a step to setup.
- Some users may find the installation process or controls less intuitive at first, especially with gloves.
Cardo Systems FREECOM 2X Motorcycle Bluetooth Communication System
The Cardo Systems FREECOM 2X stands out as an ideal choice for serious motorcyclists who prioritize high-quality audio and reliable connectivity. Its universal Bluetooth 4.1 guarantees seamless pairing with smartphones, and the waterproof design lets you ride confidently in any weather. The system’s 40mm speakers deliver crisp sound, while active noise cancellation enhances listening. Touch controls and a voice assistant make operation simple, even on the move. Users praise its stable connection, clear calls at high speeds, and long battery life. Though a bit pricey, the durability and performance make the FREECOM 2X a top-tier communication system for riders who demand the best.
Best For: serious motorcyclists seeking high-quality audio, reliable Bluetooth connectivity, and durable waterproof design for all weather riding conditions.
Pros:
- Seamless Bluetooth 4.1 pairing with smartphones and stable connection during rides
- Waterproof construction suitable for heavy rain and water crossings
- High-quality 40mm speakers with active noise cancellation for crisp sound and clear calls
Cons:
- Relatively high price compared to other motorcycle communication systems
- Battery life of approximately 2 hours per charge may require frequent recharging for long rides
- Some users experience installation challenges or audio issues at high speeds if not set up properly
FEYA Motorcycle Helmet Speakers with Microphone and Music Control
FEYA Motorcycle Helmet Speakers with Microphone and Music Control stand out as a versatile choice for riders seeking reliable, all-in-one communication and entertainment. They use Bluetooth 5.3 technology, allowing connection to two phones simultaneously for streaming music, GPS, and calls. The device features noise reduction microphones compatible with all helmet types and supports fast Type-C charging—20 hours of playback from just 2 hours of charge. Waterproof and dustproof, they perform well in various weather conditions. Easy to install with Velcro, these lightweight speakers deliver Hi-Fi sound, active noise cancellation, and seamless voice commands, making them a practical, budget-friendly option for daily riders.
Best For: motorcycle riders seeking an affordable, all-in-one helmet communication system with reliable sound, easy installation, and hands-free calling capabilities.
Pros:
- Easy to install with Velcro; compatible with all helmet types including full-face and open-face
- Long battery life offering up to 20 hours of playback and 18 months standby time
- Clear Hi-Fi stereo sound with active noise cancellation for a better riding experience
Cons:
- Sound quality for bass is adequate but not exceptional; highly dependent on speaker placement
- Some helmets may require modifications or additional adjustments for optimal fit
- Limited to basic controls; advanced features like customizable sound profiles are not available
Fodsports FX-S Motorcycle Bluetooth Headset with Intercom and Waterproofing
Riders seeking a reliable, waterproof communication system that performs well in various weather conditions will find the Fodsports FX-S motorcycle Bluetooth headset to be an excellent choice. It features advanced Bluetooth 5.4 technology, offering a stable connection up to 1000 meters and low latency for seamless calls and intercoms. The HD speakers deliver clear, vivid sound, while active noise cancellation reduces ambient noise. With an IP67 waterproof rating, it withstands rain and dust, and the battery lasts about 20 hours on a single charge. Lightweight and easy to install, this headset supports hands-free music, GPS, voice commands, and works well with full-face or open-face helmets.
Best For: Riders who need a reliable, waterproof Bluetooth headset for clear communication and entertainment during long motorcycle rides in various weather conditions.
Pros:
- Advanced Bluetooth 5.4 technology ensures a stable connection up to 1000 meters with low latency.
- Waterproof IP67 rating protects against rain, dust, and harsh weather, ideal for outdoor riding.
- Long battery life of approximately 20 hours supports extended use without frequent charging.
Cons:
- Some users report minor delays in Bluetooth connection or audio sync.
- Bass response may be limited, affecting the depth of music playback.
- Microphone fit and sound quality can vary depending on helmet type and individual preferences.
Cardo PACKTALK Edge Motorcycle Bluetooth Communication System Headset
If you’re looking for a reliable communication system that keeps you connected during long rides or intense adventures, the Cardo PACKTALK Edge Motorcycle Bluetooth Communication System is an excellent choice. It features Bluetooth 5.2 for seamless, universal connectivity within a 10-meter range. Its durable polycarbonate design is waterproof and lightweight at just 47 grams, making it perfect for daily riding. With 13 hours of battery life, fast 20-minute charging, active noise cancellation, and built-in FM radio, it offers versatile functionality. Voice control via the app and automatic volume adjustment guarantee effortless operation, making it a top pick for riders seeking reliability and convenience.
Best For: riders seeking a durable, feature-rich Bluetooth communication system for long-distance travel, training, or group rides.
Pros:
- Seamless connectivity with Bluetooth 5.2 and a 10-meter range for reliable communication
- Long-lasting 13-hour battery life with quick 20-minute fast charging
- Waterproof design with active noise cancellation and built-in FM radio for versatile use
Cons:
- Slightly heavier than some competitors at 47 grams, which may affect comfort during extended wear
- Premium features and durability come at a higher price point
- Requires the Cardo Connect app for voice commands and updates, which may be less convenient for some users
Motorcycle Helmet Bluetooth Headset, 2 Pack
The Motorcycle Helmet Bluetooth Headset, 2 Pack is an excellent choice for those who value reliable, high-quality communication and entertainment during rides. It features 44mm HD speakers that deliver immersive stereo sound with powerful bass and smooth mids, plus four customizable sound effects—Direct, Bass, Rock, and Pop—to match your music style. With support for 10-way group communication up to 2KM, it guarantees seamless, stable conversations even at 120 km/h, thanks to advanced noise reduction. Its dual Qualcomm Bluetooth chips enable multitasking—music, GPS, and calls—while its IP67 waterproof rating makes it perfect for all-weather riding. Easy to install and long-lasting, it’s a rider’s essential.
Best For: riders who seek reliable, high-quality communication, immersive audio, and weather-resistant features for group rides and daily commuting.
Pros:
- Superior audio quality with 44mm HD speakers and customizable sound effects for personalized listening experience
- Supports 10-way group communication up to 2KM with advanced noise reduction for clear conversations at high speeds
- Durable IP67 waterproof design suitable for all-weather riding and long-lasting battery life with quick charging
Cons:
- May be complex to set up initially with multiple features and micro microphone options
- Larger size of speakers might cause discomfort for some helmet fits
- The price point could be higher compared to basic Bluetooth headsets with fewer features
Cardo Packtalk Neo Motorcycle Intercom System
For those seeking a reliable and seamless communication system, the Cardo Packtalk Neo Motorcycle Intercom stands out with its advanced Mesh 2.0 technology supporting up to 15 riders over a range of 1.6 km. Its waterproof, shockproof design makes it durable for any weather, while JBL’s 40mm speakers deliver crisp, high-definition sound. The system offers voice and touch controls, with a 12-hour battery life for all-day use. Its adaptive noise cancellation guarantees clear communication even in noisy environments. Easy to group riders, the Packtalk Neo provides fast, effortless connectivity, making it an excellent choice for serious motorcyclists who value reliable, high-quality intercoms.
Best For: motorcycle riders who need a durable, high-quality communication system with seamless multi-rider connectivity and clear audio in all weather conditions.
Pros:
- Supports up to 15 riders with reliable Mesh 2.0 technology over a 1.6 km range.
- Waterproof and shockproof design suitable for various weather conditions.
- High-definition 40mm JBL speakers and adaptive noise cancellation for superior sound clarity.
Cons:
- No headphone jack, limiting compatibility with some audio devices.
- May be relatively expensive compared to basic intercom systems.
- Requires Bluetooth-enabled devices for full functionality, which might limit use with older phones.
Fodsports Motorcycle Bluetooth Intercom with Music Sharing (2 Pack)
When you’re riding with a group and want seamless communication along with shared music, the Fodsports Motorcycle Bluetooth Intercom with Music Sharing (2 Pack) stands out as an excellent choice. It features Bluetooth 5.0 for stable connections and supports up to eight riders with a range of about 2,000 meters in open space. The device offers clear sound with noise reduction, waterproof design, and easy control via touch or buttons. The music sharing feature lets two riders enjoy the same song, enhancing camaraderie on long rides. With a robust battery lasting up to 20 hours, it’s perfect for extended trips and versatile enough for various helmet styles.
Best For: Riders seeking reliable Bluetooth communication and music sharing for group rides, including motorcyclists, cyclists, and snowmobilers.
Pros:
- Supports up to 8 riders with a 2,000-meter range in open space for seamless group communication.
- High-quality sound with noise reduction and waterproof design suitable for all weather conditions.
- Long-lasting battery life of up to 20 hours for extended rides and easy installation with versatile mounting options.
Cons:
- Conversation clarity may decrease at speeds above 55-60 mph.
- Some users have experienced hardware issues or device malfunctions over time.
- Compatibility depends on helmet design; smaller pockets or specific helmet styles may require additional accessories.
Cardo FREECOM 4X Motorcycle Bluetooth Communication System
If you’re a serious rider seeking reliable, high-quality communication, the Cardo FREECOM 4X stands out with its Bluetooth 5.2 technology supporting up to four riders simultaneously. I appreciate its waterproof design, dynamic drivers, and voice control features, which make communication and music streaming effortless. The system offers a stable connection range, quick 20-minute charging, and over-the-air updates via the app, keeping it current. Installation is straightforward, though mic positioning can take some trial and error. Overall, the FREECOM 4X delivers clear audio, reliable connectivity, and user-friendly controls, making it an excellent choice for group rides and long-distance touring.
Best For: serious motorcycle riders who want reliable, high-quality communication and music streaming during group rides or long-distance touring.
Pros:
- Supports up to four riders with seamless Bluetooth 5.2 connectivity
- Waterproof design with high-quality dynamic drivers for clear audio in various conditions
- Easy installation with user-friendly app controls and voice command features
Cons:
- Microphone placement may require trial and error for optimal sound capture
- Some users experience wind noise interference affecting intercom clarity
- Initial setup and button operation can be challenging when wearing gloves
Motorcycle Helmet Bluetooth Headset Intercom System (2 Pack)
The Motorcycle Helmet Bluetooth Headset Intercom System (2 Pack) stands out as an ideal choice for riders seeking reliable, long-lasting communication with a partner or passenger. Weighing only 39 grams and just 15mm thick, it fits easily inside helmets without adding bulk. Its waterproof IP67 rating guarantees durability in rain or wet conditions. Setup is quick and tool-free, with multiple mounting options like Velcro for compatibility with various helmets. Equipped with Bluetooth 5.2, it offers up to 1200 meters of range and 35 hours of battery life, making it perfect for long rides. Clear audio, noise cancellation, and music sharing enhance the overall riding experience.
Best For: Riders who want reliable, long-lasting Bluetooth communication and music sharing with a passenger or fellow rider in various weather conditions.
Pros:
- Lightweight and slim design weighing only 39 grams, ensuring comfortable helmet fit
- Extensive Bluetooth range of up to 1200 meters and 35-hour battery life for all-day riding
- Easy, tool-free installation with multiple mounting options and excellent water resistance (IP67)
Cons:
- May require a brief learning curve for initial setup and controls
- Limited to Bluetooth 5.2 compatibility, which might not be fully compatible with older devices
- Sound quality and noise cancellation performance could vary in extremely noisy environments
FreedConn KY PRO Motorcycle Helmet Bluetooth Headset (2 Pack)
FreedConn KY PRO Motorcycle Helmet Bluetooth Headset (2 Pack) stands out as an excellent choice for riders who prioritize long-range communication and reliable audio quality at high speeds. Equipped with Qualcomm CSR chip and Bluetooth 5.1, it maintains a stable connection up to 75 mph, delivering clear sound for calls, music, and GPS. Its weatherproof IP65 design handles rain, while interchangeable microphones suit different helmet types. Supporting six riders over 1200 meters, it offers seamless group chats and playlist sharing. With quick charging, up to 11 hours of use, and glove-friendly controls, it’s a versatile, high-performance system trusted by many riders.
Best For: motorcyclists seeking reliable long-distance communication, high-quality audio, and seamless group chat capabilities during rides.
Pros:
- Stable Bluetooth 5.1 connection up to 75 mph for clear calls and music
- Weatherproof IP65 rating suitable for heavy rain and harsh conditions
- Supports 6 riders over 1200 meters, ideal for group rides and communication
Cons:
- Some users report low call volume at very high speeds
- Material durability concerns may arise with prolonged use or rough handling
- Limited customization options for controls and microphone adjustments
OBEST Motorcycle Bluetooth Headset with Charging Case
Designed for riders who value convenience and extended use, the OBEST Motorcycle Bluetooth Headset with Charging Case features a powerful 1900mAh battery that provides up to 50 hours of standby and over 5 hours of continuous playback. Its Bluetooth 5.3 ensures quick, stable connections within a 10-meter range, even at high speeds. The headset installs easily with Velcro inside most helmets and offers large, glove-friendly buttons for simple control. Active noise cancellation minimizes wind noise for clearer audio, making it ideal for motorcycle riding, skiing, or cycling. While some users experience issues with adhesive durability and call disconnections, its battery life and ease of use make it an remarkable option.
Best For: motorcyclists, skiers, and outdoor enthusiasts seeking a long-lasting, easy-to-use Bluetooth headset for communication and entertainment during high-speed activities.
Pros:
- Offers up to 50 hours of standby and over 5 hours of continuous use with a large 1900mAh battery.
- Features Bluetooth 5.3 for fast, stable connections within a 10-meter range, even at high speeds.
- Easy to install inside helmets with Velcro and designed with large, glove-friendly buttons for simple operation.
Cons:
- Adhesive pads can fail over time, causing speakers to fall out and posing safety risks.
- Some users report call disconnection issues and limited full duplex communication.
- Audio quality may lack bass and sound tinny at higher speeds, affecting overall listening experience.
Motorcycle Helmet Intercom Headset with CVC Noise Cancellation
If you often ride with others and want clear communication even at high speeds, the Motorcycle Helmet Intercom Headset with CVC Noise Cancellation is an excellent choice. It offers hands-free calls, music streaming, GPS voice guidance, and intercom functions, all designed for full-face helmets. The two-way intercom supports communication within 30 meters, perfect for group rides. Equipped with Hi-Fi stereo speakers and advanced CVC noise cancellation, it guarantees crisp sound and clear voice transmission despite wind and engine noise. With IPX6 waterproofing and up to 12 hours of battery life, this headset keeps you connected and protected no matter the weather or distance.
Best For: Riders who frequently travel in groups and need clear, reliable communication at high speeds in all weather conditions.
Pros:
- Supports seamless two-way intercom within 30 meters, ideal for group rides
- Equipped with CVC noise cancellation and Hi-Fi stereo speakers for crystal-clear sound even at high speeds
- IPX6 waterproof design ensures durability and functionality in various weather conditions
Cons:
- Limited to full-face helmets, may not be compatible with all helmet types
- Battery life of up to 12 hours may require frequent charging on long rides
- Features may require some learning curve to operate all functions effectively
LEXIN B4FM Motorcycle Bluetooth Headset, 2 Pack
The LEXIN B4FM Motorcycle Bluetooth Headset, 2 Pack, is an excellent choice for riders who need reliable group communication on long rides. It supports group intercom for up to 10 riders within 2000 meters, though four riders is ideal. Using Qualcomm chip and Bluetooth 5.0, it offers fast pairing, stable connection, and secure data transfer. The system features Hi-Fi stereo sound, wind-resistant microphones, noise cancellation, and FM radio. With waterproof IP67 design and a long-lasting 15-hour battery, it’s built for all weather conditions. Easy to install with interchangeable microphones, it works seamlessly with most helmets and voice assistants, making it perfect for extended adventures.
Best For: Riders seeking reliable, long-lasting Bluetooth communication and music sharing for group rides across various helmet types and weather conditions.
Pros:
- Supports group intercom for up to 10 riders with stable Bluetooth 5.0 connectivity.
- Long battery life of up to 15 hours with fast charging, suitable for extended rides.
- Waterproof IP67 design and interchangeable microphones for versatile helmet compatibility.
Cons:
- Some users experience minor issues with speaker placement or mounting bracket fit.
- Bass response is limited, which may affect music enjoyment for audiophiles.
- Installation can be challenging on certain helmet styles without additional mounting accessories.
Factors to Consider When Choosing Bluetooth Helmet Communicators
When selecting a Bluetooth helmet communicator, I focus on compatibility with my helmet to guarantee a proper fit. I also consider battery life, sound quality, and weather resistance to match my riding style. Finally, I look at the intercom range and connection stability to stay connected on the road.
Compatibility With Helmets
Choosing a Bluetooth helmet communicator that fits your helmet type is vital for guaranteeing proper function and comfort. Make sure the device is compatible with your helmet style—full-face, open-face, or modular—to avoid installation issues. Check if it offers adjustable mounting options like Velcro, clips, or adhesive pads suited for your helmet’s surfaces. Proper microphone and speaker placement are essential; they should fit comfortably inside your helmet to deliver clear audio without causing discomfort. Verify whether the device supports universal helmet compatibility or has specific adapters for your helmet brand and model. Additionally, consider the size and weight of the communicator to guarantee it won’t interfere with your ride or cause discomfort during long hours on the road. Compatibility is key to a seamless riding experience.
Battery Life Duration
Battery life plays a significant role in how well a Bluetooth helmet communicator performs during your rides. A longer battery life means you can stay connected, listen to music, and communicate without constantly recharging. Most models offer between 6 to 20 hours of continuous use, depending on features like noise cancellation and call frequency. Fast-charging capabilities, typically around 1-2 hours, help reduce downtime, keeping you on the road longer. Keep in mind, heavy usage, such as frequent calls or streaming, can drain the battery faster. Some devices also boast standby times of several days, allowing you to keep them powered without frequent recharges. When choosing, consider your riding style and how long you’ll need your communicator to last without interruption.
Sound and Microphone Quality
Clear sound and a reliable microphone are essential for effective communication while riding. High-quality Bluetooth helmet communicators feature crisp speakers with large diaphragms, usually around 32mm to 44mm, delivering clear audio even at high speeds. Microphones with noise-canceling technology, like CVC or DSP, help reduce wind, engine, and traffic noise, ensuring your voice comes through clearly. Active noise cancellation in both speakers and microphones further enhances clarity in noisy environments. Proper microphone placement inside the helmet makes a big difference—boom mics or clip-on options help optimize voice pickup. Additionally, audio frequency response and sensitivity ratings, typically around 100Hz to 20kHz and 110dB, determine how rich and clear your music and calls sound. Prioritizing sound and microphone quality guarantees seamless communication on every ride.
Waterproof and Weatherproofing
When selecting a Bluetooth helmet communicator, guaranteeing it can withstand the elements is crucial, especially since riding often exposes devices to rain, mud, and snow. Look for models with an IP67 or higher rating, which guarantees resistance to water, dust, and snow in various conditions. Waterproof and weatherproof devices are sealed to prevent water ingress, ensuring reliable operation during heavy rain or wet environments. Features like sealed microphones and connectors protect internal components from moisture and corrosion, extending durability. It’s also important to choose a device made from materials and with a design that can endure mud, snow, and temperature fluctuations without failing. Opting for tested and certified weatherproofing standards ensures long-term performance and safety in diverse weather conditions, giving you peace of mind on every ride.
Intercom Range and Connectivity
Choosing a Bluetooth helmet communicator isn’t just about waterproofing; it’s also about how well it stays connected during your ride. The intercom range varies widely, from around 200 meters to over 2000 meters, influencing how far you can communicate with fellow riders. Bluetooth versions like 4.1 through 5.4 impact connection stability, speed, and power efficiency. Features like mesh networking enable multiple riders to stay connected over larger distances seamlessly. Keep in mind, environmental factors such as obstacles, helmet fit, and weather conditions can reduce effective range, even if the device supports longer distances. To maintain a reliable connection, proper pairing, regular firmware updates, and correct microphone and speaker placement are essential. These factors ensure you stay connected no matter the terrain or weather.
Ease of Installation
Installing a Bluetooth helmet communicator can be straightforward if you consider compatibility, mounting options, and ease of setup. Most devices are designed for quick installation with minimal tools, often using simple mounting methods like Velcro or magnetic clips. Compatibility with various helmet types—full-face, modular, or open-face—is essential to avoid extra hassle. Lightweight headsets, usually under 2 ounces, and slim profiles make integration comfortable without adding bulk or discomfort. Adjustable mounting options, such as flexible brackets or adhesive pads, help ensure a secure fit across different helmets. Clear, user-friendly instructions and straightforward pairing processes also streamline installation, saving you time and frustration. Overall, choosing a device with simple setup features makes staying connected on the road much easier.
Frequently Asked Questions
How Long Does the Battery Typically Last During Extended Rides?
During extended rides, I find that most Bluetooth helmet communicators last between 8 to 12 hours on a full charge. It really depends on usage, like if I’m streaming music or using voice commands frequently, the battery may drain faster. I always carry a portable charger just in case. Overall, I recommend checking each device’s specifications, as battery life can vary, ensuring you stay connected throughout your journey.
Are These Systems Compatible With All Motorcycle Helmet Types?
Most Bluetooth helmet communicators are compatible with a wide range of helmet types, including full-face, modular, and half helmets. I’ve found that as long as the communicator fits inside your helmet and has adjustable mounting options, it should work well. However, it’s always a good idea to double-check the product specifications to verify compatibility with your specific helmet model for a seamless experience.
Can Multiple Riders Connect Simultaneously for Group Communication?
Think of these systems like a lively choir—multiple riders can join in with group communication, but not all systems hit the same high note. Many Bluetooth communicators support multi-user groups, allowing you to chat with several riders at once. However, the number of simultaneous connections varies by model, so I recommend checking each device’s specifications to guarantee it meets your group’s size and needs.
What Is the Maximum Bluetooth Range for Clear Communication?
The maximum Bluetooth range for clear communication is typically around 900 meters or about half a mile in open, unobstructed areas. However, in real-world riding conditions with obstacles like buildings or trees, the range usually drops to about 100-300 meters. I always keep this in mind to guarantee I stay connected, especially during group rides. For longer distances, I look for communicators with extended range capabilities.
How Do Environmental Factors Affect Sound Quality and Connectivity?
Ever wonder what sneaks into your Bluetooth connection? Environmental factors can seriously mess with sound quality and connectivity. Wind, rain, and background noise create interference, making voices muffled or cutting out altogether. Thick helmets or tunnels can also weaken the signal. To stay connected, I always try to ride in calmer conditions and keep my device clear of obstructions. It’s a constant battle, but awareness helps me maintain a smoother connection.
Conclusion
Choosing the right Bluetooth helmet communicator is like finding a reliable friend on the road—trustworthy, clear, and always there when you need it. With so many great options out there, you’ll find one that fits your style and needs. Think of it as your trusty co-pilot, turning every ride into a seamless adventure. So, gear up, connect, and let your journeys be filled with crystal-clear conversations and unforgettable memories.
